S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe) as an adjuvant therapy for patients with depression: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is an intractable disease requiring long-term treatment. S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe), a natural substance, has antidepressant effects, but the exact effect remains unclear. This study examines the evidence concerning the efficacy of SAMe as a monotherapy or in combination with antidepressants. METHODS: The PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane electronic databases were searched for meta-analyses of randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) until June 30, 2023. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the enrolled trials that met the inclusion criteria, with the aim to compare the effects of SAMe to those of a placebo or active agents, or SAMe combined with other antidepressants in the treatment of MDD. RESULTS: Fourteen trials, with a total of 1522 subjects, were included in this review. The daily dose of SAMe varied from 200 to 3200 mg and the study duration ranged between 2 and 12 weeks. The results of SAMe versus placebo as a monotherapy, SAMe versus imipramine or escitalopram as a monotherapy, and SAMe versus placebo as an adjunctive therapy, showed no significant difference in depression with SAMe compared to the comparison treatment. CONCLUSIONS: SAMe may provide relief of depression symptoms similar to imipramine or escitalopram. However, the results of the comparisons should be interpreted with caution due to the small number of studies and the large range of SAMe doses that were used in the included trials. Therefore, we recommend that patients discuss treatment options with their doctor before taking SAMe.

Effectiveness of Oil Pulling for Improving Oral Health: A Meta-Analysis.

Objective: The effect of oil pulling on oral health has not yet been fully demonstrated. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the effect of oil pulling on oral health. Methods: We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and the EMBASE database, limiting the search to human patients and articles written in English and published before 31 July 2022. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effect of oil pulling on improving dental health and oral hygiene. The outcomes of this study were salivary bacteria count, plaque index, and gingival index. Results: In total, nine RCTs were included in this study. The study showed that salivary bacterial colony (BC) counts were significantly reduced in the oil pulling group compared to the control group [mean difference (MD): 17.55, 95% CI 2.56, 32.55]. There was no significant difference between the two groups (MD: -0.10, 95% CI -0.33, 0.14; -0.05, 95% CI -0.12, 0.02) in plaque index and gingival index score. Conclusions: Based on the results of this meta-analysis, the oil pulling may have a beneficial effect on reducing salivary BC count compared to the control group. There was no significant difference in the plaque index and gingival index score between the oil pulling and the control group. Therefore, future clinical trials should be more rigorous and better reported.

Myosin 1E localizes to actin polymerization sites in lamellipodia, affecting actin dynamics and adhesion formation.

Because the actin network in active lamellipodia is continuously assembling at the edge, moving inward and disassembling, there is a question as to how actin-binding proteins and other components are transported to the leading edge and how nascent adhesions are stabilized. Active transport could play a significant role in these functions but the components involved are unknown. We show here that Myosin 1E (a long tailed Myosin 1 isoform) rapidly moves to the tips of active lamellipodia and to actin-rich early adhesions, unlike Myosin 1G, 1B or 1C (short tailed isoforms). Myosin 1E co-localizes with CARMIL, FHOD1, Arp3 and ß3-integrin in those early adhesions. But these structures precede stable paxillin-rich adhesions. Myosin 1E movement depends upon actin-binding domains and the presence of an SH3 oligomerization domain. Overexpression of a Myosin 1E deletion mutant without the extreme C-terminal interacting (SH3) domain (Myosin 1EΔSH3) increases edge fluctuations and decreases stable adhesion lifetimes. In contrast, overexpression of Myosin 1E full tail domain (TH1+TH2+TH3/SH3) decreases edge fluctuation. In Myosin 1E knockdown cells, and more prominently in cells treated with Myosin 1 inhibitor, cell-matrix adhesions are also short-lived and fail to mature. We suggest that, by moving to actin polymerization sites and early adhesion sites in active lamellipodia, Myosin 1E might play important roles in transporting not only important polymerizing proteins but also proteins involved in adhesion stabilization.